Documentation

    Table of Content
    • 3D File Formats
      • 3D File Formats
      • 3D2
      • 3DM
      • 3DS
      • 3MF
      • AMF
      • ASE
      • B3D
      • DAE
      • DBM
      • DRC
      • E57
      • FBX
      • GLB
      • GLTF
      • IPT
      • JT
      • MA
      • MB
      • MP
      • OBJ
      • PLY
      • POV
      • PRC
      • RVM
      • STEP
      • STP
      • U3D
      • USD
      • USDZ
      • VRML
      • X
      • X3D
    • Audio File Formats
      • Audio File Formats
      • 8SVX
      • AA
      • AAC
      • AAX
      • AC3
      • ACT
      • AIFF
      • ALAC
      • AMR
      • APE
      • CDA
      • DSS
      • EC3
      • EFS
      • FLAC
      • FLP
      • GSM
      • M3U
      • M3U8
      • M4A
      • M4B
      • M4P
      • M4R
      • MID
      • MKA
      • MMF
      • MOD
      • MP2
      • MP3
      • MPC
      • MTM
      • MUI
      • MXL
      • NSA
      • OGG
      • OPUS
      • RA
      • RF64
      • RIP
      • SDT
      • SF2
      • STAP
      • VOC
      • VOX
      • VQF
      • WAV
      • WEBA
      • WFP
      • WMA
      • WPL
      • WPROJ
      • WV
    • CAD File Formats
      • CAD File Formats
      • AFS
      • ART
      • ASC
      • ASM
      • AXM
      • BDC
      • CATPART
      • CF2
      • CIR
      • CPA
      • DC3
      • DGN
      • DST
      • DWF
      • DWFX
      • DWG
      • DWT
      • DXF
      • FZP
      • HPGL
      • IBA
      • IFC
      • IGES
      • IGS
      • JVSG
      • NC
      • NWC
      • NWD
      • NWF
      • OPT
      • PAT
      • PHJ
      • PLT
      • PSM
      • PSS
      • RFA
      • RFT
      • RML
      • RVT
      • SLDPRT
      • STL
    • Compression File Formats
      • Compression File Formats
      • 7Z
      • ACE
      • ALZ
      • APK
      • APZ
      • ARC
      • ARJ
      • B1
      • B6Z
      • BKF
      • BNDL
      • BZ2
      • CIT
      • DAA
      • DAR
      • DEB
      • DMG
      • DZ
      • ECS
      • FZPZ
      • GZ
      • GZIP
      • ICE
      • ISO
      • KGB
      • LBR
      • LQR
      • LZ
      • LZ4
      • LZH
      • LZMA
      • LZO
      • LZX
      • MBW
      • MINT
      • MPKG
      • MPQ
      • NPK
      • OAR
      • P7Z
      • PAGES
      • PEA
      • PET
      • PF
      • PKG
      • PTK
      • PUP
      • RAR
      • RPM
      • RTE
      • S00
      • SFG
      • SIFZ
      • SIT
      • SITX
      • SY_
      • TAR
      • TBZ
      • TGS
      • TGZ
      • TPSR
      • TZ
      • VPK
      • WHL
      • WUX
      • XAPK
      • XAR
      • XPI
      • XZ
      • Z
      • ZIM
      • ZIP
      • ZIPX
      • ZL
      • ZST
    • Database
      • Database File Formats
      • 4DB
      • 4DD
      • ABCDDB
      • ACCDB
      • ACCDC
      • ACCDE
      • ACCDR
      • ACCDT
      • ACCDW
      • ACCFT
      • ADB
      • ADE
      • ADF
      • ADN
      • ADP
      • ALF
      • ANB
      • AQ
      • ASK
      • BAK
      • BCP
      • BTR
      • CAT
      • CDB
      • CRYPT12
      • CRYPT14
      • DACPAC
      • DAT
      • DB
      • DB-WAL
      • DB3
      • DBC
      • DBF
      • DBS
      • DDL
      • DLIS
      • DSN
      • DTSX
      • EPIM
      • FDB
      • FIC
      • FMP12
      • FMPSL
      • FP5
      • FP7
      • GDB
      • ITW
      • LDF
      • LOG
      • MDB
      • MDF
      • MYI
      • NDF
      • NSF
      • SAV
      • SDF
      • SQL
      • SQLITE
      • TE
      • TRC
      • TRM
      • UDL
      • WDB
    • Disc and Media
      • Disc and Media File Formats
      • BIN
      • CCD
      • CSO
      • CUE
      • ECM
      • GADGET
      • IMG
      • ISZ
      • MDF
      • MDS
      • NKIT
      • NRG
      • NRI
      • OVA
      • OVF
      • ROM
      • SDI
      • TIB
      • Toast
      • UDF
      • VCD
      • VDI
      • VHD
      • VHDX
      • WBFS
      • WIM
      • WUD
    • EBook File Formats
      • EBook File Formats
      • ACSM
      • AEP
      • APNX
      • AVA
      • AZW
      • AZW1
      • AZW3
      • AZW4
      • BKK
      • BPNUEB
      • CBC
      • CBR
      • CBZ
      • CEB
      • CEBX
      • DNL
      • EA
      • EAL
      • EBK
      • EDN
      • EPUB
      • ETD
      • FB2
      • FKB
      • HAN
      • HTML0
      • HTMLZ
      • HTXT
      • HTZ4
      • HTZ5
      • IBOOKS
      • JWPUB
      • KFX
      • KOOB
      • LIT
      • LRF
      • LRS
      • LRX
      • MART
      • MBP
      • MOBI
      • NCX
      • NVA
      • OEB
      • OEBZIP
      • OPF
      • ORB
      • PHL
      • PML
      • PMLZ
      • POBI
      • PRC
      • QMK
      • RB
      • RZB
      • RZS
      • SNB
      • TCR
      • TK3
      • TPZ
      • TR
      • TR3
      • VBK
      • WEBZ
      • YBK
    • Email File Formats
      • Email File Formats
      • EDB
      • EML
      • EMLX
      • ICS
      • MBOX
      • MSG
      • OFT
      • OLM
      • OST
      • P7S
      • PST
      • RPMSG
      • TNEF
      • VCF
    • Executable
      • Executable File Formats
      • 8CK
      • AC
      • AHK
      • AIR
      • APP
      • BAT
      • BTAPP
      • CGI
      • CMD
      • COM
      • ELF
      • EXE
      • IPA
      • MSI
      • MST
      • PIF
      • PYC
      • REG
      • RUN
      • WSF
      • WSH
      • XAP
      • XBE
      • XEX
    • Finance
      • Finance File Formats
      • ABA
      • IXBRL
      • XBRL
    • Font
      • Font File Formats
      • BDF
      • CFF
      • CFF2
      • EOT
      • ETX
      • FNT
      • FON
      • FOT
      • GXF
      • JFPROJ
      • MFX
      • ODTTF
      • OTF
      • PFA
      • PFB
      • PFM
      • SFD
      • TTC
      • TTF
      • Type1
      • VFB
      • VLW
      • WOFF
      • WOFF2
    • Game File Formats
      • Game File Formats
      • BIN
      • BMZ
      • BNS
      • BO2
      • CLIP
      • CON
      • CSD
      • CT
      • DEK
      • FOMOD
      • GAM
      • GBX
      • GCF
      • KODU
      • LANG
      • LITEMOD
      • MCA
      • MCR
      • MCWORLD
      • MGX
      • MII
      • NPA
      • OSB
      • OSK
      • OSR
      • OSU
      • OSZ
      • PAK
      • PCC
      • PSS
      • PUP
      • PWF
      • REL
      • REP
      • RPX
      • SAV
      • SFAR
      • SID
      • SIMS3PACK
      • U8
      • UMX
      • Unity3D
      • USX
      • VPK
      • W3N
      • XS
    • GIS File Formats
      • GIS File Formats
      • 000
      • 3D
      • 3DC
      • 3DD
      • 3DL
      • ADF
      • APL
      • APR
      • ATX
      • AUX
      • AVL
      • AXE
      • BT
      • CSF
      • CXF
      • DEM
      • DIV
      • DIX
      • DLG
      • DT0
      • DT1
      • DT2
      • E00
      • EMBR
      • ETA
      • FileGDB
      • FIT
      • FMW
      • GeoJSON
      • GLB
      • GMAP
      • GML
      • GPKG
      • GPX
      • GSM
      • GST
      • HDR
      • IMG
      • KML
      • KMZ
      • LAN
      • LOC
      • MID
      • MIF
      • MPK
      • MPS
      • MSD
      • MXD
      • MXT
      • NM2
      • NMC
      • NTF
      • OSC
      • OSM
      • PMF
      • PTM
      • QGD
      • QGS
      • QGZ
      • QLR
      • QML
      • SAF
      • SBN
      • SDF
      • SHP
      • SHX
      • SP3
      • SSF
      • TCX
      • TFRD
      • WLX
      • WOR
    • Image File Formats
      • Image File Formats
      • AFPHOTO
      • AFX
      • AGIF
      • AGP
      • AI
      • APNG
      • ART
      • AVIF
      • BIF
      • BMP
      • BPG
      • CDR
      • CLIP
      • CMX
      • CPC
      • CR2
      • CR3
      • CSL
      • CT
      • CUR
      • DCM
      • DCR
      • DCX
      • DDS
      • DIB
      • DICOM
      • DJVU
      • DNG
      • ECW
      • EMF
      • EMZ
      • EXIF
      • FLIF
      • FODG
      • GBR
      • GIF
      • HDR
      • HEIC
      • HEIF
      • ICNS
      • ICO
      • J2C
      • J2K
      • JFIF
      • JP2
      • JPC
      • JPEG
      • JPF
      • JPM
      • JPX
      • JXL
      • JXR
      • MNG
      • MP
      • MPO
      • NEF
      • ODG
      • OTG
      • PCT
      • PCX
      • PICT
      • PNG
      • PPP
      • PSB
      • PSD
      • PSP
      • PSPIMAGE
      • SKP
      • SVGZ
      • TGA
      • THM
      • TIFF
      • WEBP
      • WMF
      • WMZ
      • XPM
      • XPR
    • Misc File Formats
      • Misc File Formats
      • AML
      • ART
      • BUP
      • CMS
      • CTG
      • DAP
      • ENL
      • ERR
      • GPG
      • H4
      • H5
      • ICA
      • KLQ
      • LOCK
      • LRC
      • MD5
      • MSO
      • OBB
      • ODF
      • OGG
      • PES
      • RIS
      • RML
      • SSP
      • THM
      • TORRENT
      • VIM
      • VIMRC
      • XMP
      • XSMX
    • Note Taking File Formats
      • Note Taking File Formats
      • ONE
      • ONETOC2
    • Page Description Language
      • Page Description Language
      • AVERY
      • CGM
      • EPS
      • INDD
      • INDT
      • OXPS
      • PCL
      • PS
      • SVG
      • SWF
      • TEX
      • XPS
      • XSLFO
    • PDF
      • PDF
      • FDF
      • PDF/A
      • PDF/E
      • PDF/UA
      • PDF/VT
      • PDF/X
      • XFDF
    • Presentation File Formats
      • Presentation File Formats
      • KEY
      • ODP
      • OTP
      • POT
      • POTM
      • POTX
      • PPS
      • PPSM
      • PPSX
      • PPT
      • PPTM
      • PPTX
    • Programming
      • Programming
      • 4th
      • ABC
      • ACD
      • ADDIN
      • ADS
      • AFPHOTO
      • AGI
      • AIA
      • AIDL
      • ALB
      • AML
      • ANE
      • APA
      • APKS
      • APPX
      • APPXBUNDLE
      • APPXUPLOAD
      • APS
      • ARSC
      • AS
      • AS2PROJ
      • AS3PROJ
      • ASC
      • ASI
      • ASM
      • ASVF
      • AU3
      • AWK
      • C
      • CD
      • Class
      • CMAKE
      • CONFIG
      • CPP
      • CS
      • CSPROJ
      • CXX
      • Dart
      • DIFF
      • EGG
      • ERB
      • EX
      • G4
      • GMD
      • GO
      • GROOVY
      • H
      • HAML
      • HH
      • HS
      • HTA
      • ICI
      • IN
      • INC
      • IPR
      • JAR
      • Java
      • JRXML
      • JSP
      • JSPF
      • KT
      • LGO
      • LUA
      • M
      • MAKE
      • MEL
      • MF
      • ML
      • MM
      • MRC
      • MSIX
      • NUPKG
      • NUT
      • NX
      • PAS
      • PDB
      • PDE
      • PHP
      • PL
      • PY
      • PYD
      • PYI
      • PYM
      • PYW
      • PYX
      • R
      • RBXL
      • RBXM
      • RES
      • RS
      • RST
      • SCALA
      • SCM
      • SCRIPT
      • SH
      • SLN
      • SWIFT
      • TCL
      • TOML
      • TS
      • UNITY
      • VB
      • VBPROJ
      • VBS
      • VCXPROJ
      • XSD
      • YAML
      • YML
      • YPR
    • Project Management File Formats
      • Project Management File Formats
      • MPP
      • MPT
      • MPX
      • P6XML
      • XER
    • Publisher File Formats
      • Publisher File Formats
      • PUB
      • PUZ
    • Reporting
      • Reporting File Formats
      • MAR
      • RDL
      • RDLC
      • RPL
      • RPT
    • Settings File Formats
      • Settings File Formats
      • CNF
      • CONF
      • GXT
      • ISS
      • OSS
      • OVPN
      • PMP
      • SBV
      • SET
      • SETTINGS
      • THEMEPACK
      • TPF
    • Spreadsheet File Formats
      • Spreadsheet File Formats
      • 123
      • 12M
      • _XLS
      • _XLSX
      • AST
      • AWS
      • BKS
      • CELL
      • CHIP
      • CSV
      • CTS
      • DEF
      • DEX
      • DFG
      • DIF
      • DIS
      • EFU
      • ESS
      • FCS
      • FM
      • FODS
      • FP
      • GNM
      • GNUMERIC
      • GSHEET
      • IMP
      • MAR
      • NB
      • NUMBERS
      • NUMBERS-TEF
      • ODS
      • OTS
      • PMD
      • PMDX
      • PMVX
      • PRESTO
      • QPW
      • SDC
      • STC
      • SXC
      • TMV
      • TMVT
      • TSV
      • WQ2
      • XAR
      • XL
      • XLA
      • XLAM
      • XLM
      • XLR
      • XLS
      • XLSB
      • XLSM
      • XLSMHTML
      • XLSX
      • XLT
      • XLTHTML
      • XLTM
      • XLTX
    • System File Formats
      • System File Formats
      • ADM
      • ADMX
      • AML
      • ANI
      • ASV
      • CAB
      • CFG
      • CPG
      • CPL
      • DESKTHEMEPACK
      • DLL
      • DMP
      • DRV
      • ETL
      • HDMP
      • HTT
      • ICNS
      • INI
      • INS
      • LNK
      • MANIFEST
      • MDMP
      • REG
      • REGTRANS-MS
      • RMT
      • SCR
      • SHSH
      • SHSH2
      • SYS
      • TMP
      • VGA
    • Video File Formats
      • Video File Formats
      • 3G2
      • 3GP
      • AEP
      • AMV
      • ARF
      • ASF
      • AVCHD
      • AVI
      • BIK
      • DAV
      • EXO
      • F4V
      • FLV
      • H264
      • H265
      • IDX
      • IFO
      • KINE
      • M2TS
      • M4S
      • M4V
      • MJPEG
      • MK3D
      • MKS
      • MKV
      • MOV
      • MP4
      • MPE
      • MPG
      • MPV
      • MSWMM
      • MTS
      • MXF
      • NSV
      • PIV
      • PRPROJ
      • PZ
      • QT
      • RM
      • RMVB
      • RV
      • SEC
      • SRT
      • STR
      • TS
      • VEG
      • VID
      • VOB
      • VP6
      • VP8
      • VP9
      • VTT
      • WEBM
      • WLMP
      • WMV
      • XVID
    • Visio File Formats
      • Visio File Formats
      • VDW
      • VDX
      • VSD
      • VSDM
      • VSDX
      • VSS
      • VSSM
      • VSSX
      • VST
      • VSTM
      • VSTX
      • VSX
      • VTX
    • Web File Formats
      • Web File Formats
      • A4P
      • A5W
      • AAE
      • ADR
      • AEX
      • ALX
      • AN
      • AP
      • APKG
      • APPCACHE
      • ARO
      • ASA
      • ASAX
      • ASCX
      • ASHX
      • ASMX
      • ASP
      • ASPX
      • ASR
      • ATOM
      • ATT
      • AWM
      • BML
      • BOK
      • BR
      • BWP
      • CDF
      • CER
      • CFM
      • CFML
      • CHA
      • CHAT
      • CHM
      • CMS
      • CODASITE
      • CON
      • CRDOWNLOAD
      • CRL
      • CRT
      • CSHTML
      • CSP
      • CSR
      • CSS
      • DAP
      • DBM
      • DCR
      • DER
      • DHTML
      • DISCO
      • DISCOMAP
      • DML
      • DO
      • DOCHTML
      • DOCMHTML
      • DOTHTML
      • DOWNLOAD
      • DRAWIO
      • DWT
      • ECE
      • EDGE
      • EPIBRW
      • ESPROJ
      • EWP
      • FCGI
      • FMP
      • FREEWAY
      • FWP
      • FWTEMPLATE
      • FWTEMPLATEB
      • GDOC
      • GDOCX
      • GNE
      • GSP
      • HAR
      • HDM
      • HDML
      • HTACCESS
      • HTC
      • HTM
      • HTML
      • HTX
      • HXS
      • HYPE
      • JHTML
      • JNLP
      • JS
      • JSON
      • JSPA
      • KEY
      • KIT
      • LESS
      • MASTER
      • MHT
      • MHTML
      • MJS
      • OAM
      • OBML
      • OBML15
      • OBML16
      • OPDOWNLOAD
      • P7B
      • P7C
      • PAC
      • PART
      • PEM
      • PRO
      • RHTML
      • RJS
      • RSS
      • Sass
      • SCSS
      • SEAM
      • SHTML
      • SITE
      • SPC
      • SSP
      • STC
      • STML
      • SVR
      • TPL
      • TS
      • URL
      • VDISCO
      • VDW
      • VRT
      • WBS
      • WEBBOOKMARK
      • WEBLOC
      • WEBSITE
      • WHTT
      • WSDL
      • XAML
      • XD
      • XHT
      • XHTM
      • XHTML
      • XML
      • XOJ
      • XOML
      • XPD
      • XSLT
      • XUL
      • ZUL
    • Word Processing File Formats
      • Word Processing File Formats
      • ASD
      • DOC
      • DOC to PDF
      • DOCM
      • DOCX
      • DOCX to HMTL
      • DOCX to JPEG
      • DOCX to MD
      • DOCX to PDF
      • DOCX to PPT
      • DOCX to PPTX
      • DOCX Viewer
      • DOT
      • DOTM
      • DOTX
      • DSC
      • FAQ
      • FODT
      • IPYNB
      • LATEX
      • LTX
      • MAN
      • MD
      • ODM
      • ODT
      • OTT
      • QBL
      • QPF
      • RTF
      • TXT
      • WPD
      • WPS
    1. Home
    2. CAD File Formats
    3. STL

    What's on this Page

      • What is STL file?
      • Brief History
      • File Format Specifications
        • Facets Orientation
        • Vertex to Vertex Rule
      • File Formats
        • STL ASCII Format
        • STL Binary Format
      • References

    What is STL file?

    STL, abbreviation for stereolithrography, is an interchangeable file format that represents 3-dimensional surface geometry. The file format finds its usage in several fields such as rapid prototyping, 3D printing and computer-aided manufacturing. It represents a surface as a series of small triangles, known as facets, where each facet is described by a perpendicular direction and three points representing the vertices of the triangle. Resultant data is used by applications to determine the cross section of the 3D shape to be built by the fabber. There is no information available in the STL file format for representation of colour, texture or other common CAD model attributes.

    Brief History

    The development of STL file format dates back to 1987. It was developed by 3D Systems for its usage in commercial 3D printers. A revised version of STL file format, known as STL 2.0,  was proposed in 2009 with updates to the file format.

    File Format Specifications

    An STL file represents a surface geometry using facets. The facets define the surface of a 3D object and is uniquely identified by a unit normal, which is a line perpendicular to the triangle with length of 1.0, and by three vertices. There are a total of 12 numbers stored for each facet as the Normal and each vertex are specified by three coordinates each. The StL file does not contain any scale information; the coordinates are in arbitrary units.

    The specifications of STL file format can be examined from following two aspects.

    Facets Orientation

    Orientation of a facet is determined by the direction of the unit normal and the order in which the vertices are listed. The orientation of the facets is specified in two ways as follow:

    • The direction of the normal is outward
    • The vertices are listed in counter-clock-wise order from outside, obeying the right-hand rule.

    Vertex to Vertex Rule

    According to this rule, each triangle shares two vertices with each of its adjacent triangles. Thus, a vertex of one triangle cannot lie on the side of another triangle.

    File Formats

    STL is available in ASCII as well as Binary representations for compact file format.

    STL ASCII Format

    The ASCII version of STL file format is written in plain ASCII. However, due to its large size, the file format is not selected as preferable format for usage. The syntax of an ASCII STL file is as follow:

    solid name
         facet normal ni nj nk
             outer loop
                 vertex v1x v1y v1z
                 vertex v2x v2y v2z
                 vertex v3x v3y v3z
             endloop
         endfacet
    endsolid name
    

    The bold face words represent keywords that should always be lowercase. Symbols in italics are variables which are to be replaced with user-specified values.  The numerical data in the facet normal and vertex lines are single precision floats, for example, 1.23456E+789. A facet normal coordinate may have a leading minus sign; a vertex coordinate may not.

    STL Binary Format

    The binary format uses the IEEE integer and floating point numerical representation. The file format is represented as follow:

    FieldInfo
    Header80 characters
    Number of Triangles4-byte little endian unsigned integer
    Data for each triangle12 32-bit floating point numbers

    A more elaborated view of the file format is as shown below.

    UINT8[80] – Header
    UINT32 – Number of triangles
    
    
    foreach triangle
    REAL32[3] – Normal vector
    REAL32[3] – Vertex 1
    REAL32[3] – Vertex 2
    REAL32[3] – Vertex 3
    UINT16 – Attribute byte count
    end
    

    References

    • The STL Format
    • STL - by Wikipedia

    See Also

    • IFC File Format
    • JVSG File Format
    • NWC File Format
    • NWD File Format
    • NWF File Format
     
     English
    Close
     Deutsch
     日本
     中文
     русский
     Français
     한국인
     Español
     Italiano
     Nederlands
     हिन्दी
     Indonesian
     Português
     عربي
     Türkçe
     Ελληνικά
     ไทย
     עִברִית
     Svenska
     українська
     Tiếng Việt
     български
     Magyar
     čeština
     Română
     Polski